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Showing posts with label Google. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Google. Show all posts

Monday, October 31, 2011

Microsoft says Google Android is 'standing on our shoulders'

 Senior lawyers warns that litigation is natural outcome of intense competition in fast-growing field – but that Google is taking advantage of others' efforts

One of Microsoft's most senior lawyers has accused Google's Android software of "standing on the shoulders" of companies such as his own in the smartphone wars, and that the flurry of patent lawsuits going on between companies involved in the field is only natural in a rapidly developing field.
In an interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, Horacio Gutierrez, the deputy general counsel for Microsoft, says that patent protections are necessary to give companies the incentive to spend millions of dollars and years of effort on new products.
He says that software patents are necessary, because so much focus has shifted from hardware to software: "The question of whether software should be patentable is, in a sense, the same as asking whether a significant part of the technological innovation happening nowadays should receive patent protection."
Gutierrez argues that Microsoft developed and has patented really critical features including "the ability to synchronise the content that you have in your phone with the information in the server of your company or in your computer at home". He adds that there are plenty of others: "Features that just make the phone much more efficient, things that are deeply embedded in the operating system." He argues that modern smartphones are a fully-fledged computer with a sophisticated, modern operating system.
The complaint means that Google and its Android handset partners have a growing number of companies ranged against them as patent litigation has intensified over the past 18 months.
Apple is suing a number of Android partners, notably including Samsung and HTC, while Microsoft has extracted per-handset licence payments from HTC and Samsung, as well as similar Android-related payments from companies as diverse as Wistron, General Dynamics, Acer, Viewsonic, Itronix and Onkyo. By some calculations, Microsoft is getting more revenue from patent-related payments from Android than from its own Windows Phone operating system.
Google bought the Android handset maker Motorola Mobility in August , apparently to acquire its long-standing patent pool relating to mobile phones, after failing to acquire a patent pool from the bankruptcy sale of the Canadian company Nortel, which went to a consortium including Microsoft, RIM and Apple.
Gutierrez says the suggestion that certain features (such as an indication of how far a page has loaded) may seem obvious to people who don't understand how systems have to be built: "Many times when you express those ideas at a high level, they seem obvious to anyone who really doesn't understand the particular ways in which certain effects are achieved in software. It's not just one feature, but a whole series of features in a phone or another mobile device that really make up the whole experience of the user."
Gutierrez rebutted the suggestion in an interview with James Temple of the San Francisco Chronicle that the software giant has a campaign against Android. "Every time there are these technologies that are really disruptive, there are patent cases. People who lived in that particular time would look and say, 'What a mess, we certainly must live in the worst time from an [intellectual property] perspective. The system is broken and something has to be done to fix it,'" he said. "That's the situation we're in right now. If you think of a mobile phone or a tablet computer today, they're not your father's or your grandfather's cell phone."
He adds that different pathways to achieve the same ends would be independently patentable – which would imply that if a company can show that it uses a different method from the patented one to achieve an effect, it would have an absolute defence against a patent infringement suit.
In June, Microsoft lost a key software patent case which it had taken all the way to the Supreme Court, after it was sued by the Canadian company i4i over certain features of earlier versions of Office.
Google is facing a lawsuit from the database giant Oracle, which in 2009 bought Sun Microsystems and the rights to its Java code, over allegations that Android doesn't comply with the licence for Java.
Google's chief lawyer complained in July that software patents are "gumming up innovation"
The interview with Gutierrez is in two parts, here and here.

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Tuesday, October 25, 2011

Google asked to remove 135 YouTube videos for 'UK national security issues'

US technology giant reports 71% rise in content removal requests from UK government or police

British police authorities ordered the removal of 135 videos from YouTube in the first half of this year because of a perceived threat to national security, according to figures published by the video sharing website's owner Google.
The US technology giant reported a 71% rise in content removal requests from the UK government or police, compared with the final half of 2010, with almost 200 YouTube videos requested to be taken down following complaints about privacy, security or hate speech.
Google revealed the figures in its biannual transparency report, part of an effort to highlight online censorship across the world.
The report shows that private information about 1,443 British users or accounts was demanded by law enforcement agencies between January and June this year. It is the first time Google has revealed how many users the data requests relate to.
Google received 1,273 overall requests for user data in the period, compared with 1,162 requests for information in the second half of 2010.
The UK government made 65 content removal requests from all of Google's products in the six months to June, up from 38 requests in the previous half year.
Fears over national security saw take down requests for 135 videos from YouTube, with a further 62 for privacy, security or hate speech issues.
Almost 30 items were requested to be removed from Google search after two court orders relating to privacy and security, the report shows, with 14 items because of defamation issues.
Google said it fully or partially complied with 82% of requests from the UK government, police and courts.
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Google mulling part in Yahoo takeover scheme to edge out Microsoft

Internet giant might put money into takeover that would give it huge share of US search business

Google is considering providing the finance for the acquisition of Yahoo by another company or group of companies – potentially putting it into direct opposition in a bidding war with search engine rival Microsoft.
The shadow manoeuvring to bid for Yahoo, which fired Carol Bartz, its chief executive of just 18 months, in September is beginning to heat up as Microsoft and a number of private equity companies begin formulating their propositions for the struggling media company.
Google, with $42.6bn (£27.4bn) in cash, could afford to buy Yahoo, which has a market value presently of just over $20bn, but it unlikely to make a direct bid for it. There would be regulatory problems with the approach because if it were to take over Yahoo's search business then it would have a stranglehold on that sector in the US beyond its already dominant 65% share: Yahoo has about 15.5% of the sector in the US, with Microsoft's Bing (which powers Yahoo's search) at 14.7%.
Bloomberg News reported on Monday that Google's chiefs are still trying to decide whether to aid on one of the bids being cooked up.
A Google-backed takeover would ensure that Microsoft could not get control of the media company, which has been struggling with falling advertising revenue and share as rivals such as Facebook capture both attention and advertising. That, in turn, would mean that the Bing search engine which is presently a significant lossmaker for Microsoft would be unable to move into profit in the medium term, and could be shut out of a significant position in the desktop search market. Microsoft is trying to build Bing's share of the mobile search market through deals with Nokia and RIM, but with little impact so far.
Microsoft has recently been mentioned as a potential backer for a bid for Yahoo, in which it would provide a large chunk of the cash required for the bid, together with a number of other private equity companies. Yahoo's management has instructed Goldman Sachs to investigate potential scenarios to enhance the company's value - which could include a sale or going private.
Google is already under regulatory scrutiny from governments around the world. Greg Sterling, an analyst at Opus Research in San Francisco, told Bloomberg: "If competition dissipates or diminishes, then the hand of regulators is strengthened. If competition is diminished or marginalised, then all the arguments about Google being a monopoly ring more true."
In June the US Federal Trade Commission began a review of Google's business practices, including search and advertising. The European Union and the state of Texas also have begun investigations of the company's leadership in search and advertising markets.
Potential financing by Google for a bid for Yahoo has parallels with the $150m investment that Microsoft made in competitor Apple in 1997 to help preserve competition in the computer market, Sterling said.
But a Google bid would trigger regulatory interest. The US government threatened to challenge an earlier proposal by Google to place ads on Yahoo's site, causing Google to abandon the effort in 2008. At the time Microsoft was making a $44.8bn bid for Yahoo which ultimately proved fruitless.
Representatives of Yahoo and Google declined to comment.
The chief executive of China's Alibaba Group, whose largest shareholder is Yahoo, has also said his business is "very interested" in the Web portal, an arrangement that would help the Chinese company buy back its 43% stake.
KKR & Co. and Blackstone Group are among firms weighing an offer for Yahoo, people familiar with the matter said earlier this month. Alibaba has discussed a plan with Silver Lake and Russia's Digital Sky Technologies to make a joint bid, people familiar with the matter have said. Another group interested in an offer includes Providence Equity Partners and former News Corp. executive Peter Chernin, people have said. Google advertising customers are able to buy space on Yahoo sites through Google's Invite Media service, according to the person familiar with Google's deliberations.

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Friday, October 21, 2011

Google doodle celebrates influential Walt Disney artist Mary Blair

Illustrator worked on a number of children's books and contributed to films Peter Pan and Alice in Wonderland

Google has honoured Mary Blair, an artist whose unusual style was immortalised in classic Walt Disney films of the 1940s and 50s, with its latest Google doodle.
Blair, who was born in Oklahoma on 21 October 1911, was best known for the artwork she contributed to animations including Alice in Wonderland, Peter Pan and Cinderella. She also illustrated a number of children's books.
Blair's colourful, childlike images – vaguely reminiscent of the cubist movement – are credited with bringing modern art into popular animation and influencing a generation of illustrators.
Walt Disney was so taken with her designs that he recruited her to work on It's A Small World, an attraction that debuted at the 1964 New York World's Fair and has since been recreated in all of Disney's theme parks.
Other commissions for Blair, who died in 1978, include giant murals at Disneyland and Disney World.
Google's doodle features an image of the illustrator as she would have drawn herself, surrounded by the simplistic patterns and shapes that made up her familiar cartoon world.

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Friday, October 14, 2011

US investigates Google tax strategies

Search giant cut its tax bill by $1bn a year by funnelling profits to subsidiaries with low tax rates

US tax authorities are investigating the strategies used by Google to cut its tax bill by about $1bn (£635m) a year by funnelling profits from the US and Europe to subsidiaries with low tax rates.
The Internal Revenue Service has requested information from Google about its offshore deals following three acquisitions including its purchase of YouTube in 2006, according to Bloomberg.
Sources said it was "bringing more than typical scrutiny" to techniques known as the "Double Irish" and "Dutch Sandwich", which move revenues through units in Ireland, the Netherlands, and Bermuda.
The complex revenue shuffle is legal and is used by countless US multi-nationals. However, the tactic cost the US treasury an estimated $90bn in tax revenues in 2008, according to Kimberly Clausing, an economics professor at Reed College.
Over three years Google is estimated to have saved $3.1bn in tax revenues using a subsidiary located in Bermuda where the corporate tax rate is zero.
In 2009, the most recent year for which records are available, this subsidiary collected €4.34bn euros (£3.9bn) in royalties from a Google unit in the Netherlands, according to a Dutch corporate filing.
The search engine giant is using Ireland as a conduit for European revenues but in turn the Irish subsidiary is being charged royalties for its intellectual property – use of the brand and technology such as Google's algorithms.
The 2009 Google Ireland Ltd accounts show the company turned over €7.9bn in Europe for the year ending 2009 and a profit of just €45m after "administrative expenses" of €5.467bn were stripped out.
Administrative expenses largely refer to royalties (or a licence fee) Google pays its Bermuda HQ for the right to operate.
Notes to the accounts show "administrative expenses" rose significantly between 2008 and 2009 – by €794m – because of increases in headcount, sales and marketing and the "royalties paid as a result of increases in recorded turnover".
The IRS has already approved a major part of Google's strategy. In 2006, the agency signed off on a 2003 intracompany transaction that moved foreign rights to its search technology to an Irish subsidiary managed in Bermuda called Google Ireland Holdings.
That deal – known as a "buy in" in tax parlance – meant subsequent profit overseas based on those copyrights has been attributed to foreign subsidiaries rather than to Google in the US where the technology was developed.
A Google spokesperson told the Guardian: "We have an obligation to our shareholders to set up a tax-efficient structure, and our present structure is compliant with the tax rules in all the countries where we operate. We make a very substantial contribution to local and national taxation and provide employment for over a thousand people in the UK. We also generate significant revenues for other companies, and last year gave more than $6bn to our AdSense publisher partners, including newspapers and broadcasters across the world."

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Tuesday, October 4, 2011

Web Firms' Data Proves Irresistible to Law Enforcers

Internet companies such as Google, Twitter and Facebook are increasingly co-opted for surveillance work as the information they gather proves irresistible to law enforcement agencies, web experts have said.
Although such companies try to keep their users' information private, their business models depend on exploiting it to sell targeted advertising, and when governments demand they hand it over, they have little choice but to comply.
Suggestions that BlackBerry maker RIM might give user data to British police after its messenger service was used to coordinate riots this summer caused outrage - as has the spying on social media users by more oppressive governments.
But the vast amount of personal information that companies like Google collect to run their businesses run has become simply too valuable for police and governments to ignore, delegates to the Internet Governance Forum in Nairobi said.
"When the possibility exists for information to be obtained that wasn't possible before, it's entirely understandable that law enforcement is interested," Google's chief internet evangelist Vint Cerf said in an interview.
"Then the issue would be, what's the right policy? And that, or course, engenders a lot of debate," said Cerf, who is recognised as one of the "fathers of the internet" for his early work in areas including communications protocols and email.
Demands from governments for internet companies to hand over user information have become routine, according to online privacy researcher and activist Christopher Soghoian, who makes extensive use of freedom-of-information requests in his work.
"Every decent-sized US telecoms and internet company has a team that does nothing but respond to requests for information," Soghoian said in an interview.
Soghoian estimates that US internet and telecoms companies may receive about 300,000 such requests in connection with law enforcement each year - but public information is scarce.
While US courts are obliged to publish reports on wire-tapping of telephone lines, no similar information is required to be made public with respect to the internet - which grew up after the laws on electronic communications were passed.
Google does voluntarily publish a transparency report every six months in which it details the number of requests it receives from governments around the world to remove content from its services or hand over user data. But the numbers do not reveal how many users are affected by each request - only trends country by country.
Some governments are requiring internet companies to collect more data and keep it for longer, said Katarzyna Szymielewicz, executive director of Poland's Panoptykon Foundation, which campaigns for human rights in light of modern surveillance.
"Government agencies throughout the world are pushing companies to collect even more data than is needed for their business purposes," she told the conference.
"For example, we have a very controversial data retention regime which is currently under review. This requires people to store data for a period up to two years so it can easily be accessed by law enforcement agencies."
The ease and cost of surveillance are at an all-time low, Soghoian said, with Google charging an administrative fee of $US25 to hand over data, Yahoo charging $US20, and Microsoft and Facebook providing data for free.
"Now, one police officer from the comfort of their desk can track 20, 30, 50 people all through web interfaces provided by mobile companies and cloud computing companies," he said.
"The marginal cost of surveilling one more person is now essentially approaching zero."

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Friday, September 30, 2011

New Google data centre in Dublin will create 230 jobs

Announcement is the latest boost to Ireland's growing reputation as a green silicon state

Google is to invest €75m (£65m) in a new 11-acre data centre in Dublin, creating 230 jobs.
The search giant said Ireland's naturally cool climate contributed to its decision, as it will use outside air to cool equipment instead of costly air-conditioning units.
The announcement comes just two weeks after Google opened a €200m data centre in Finland, again chosen because of its climate. The centre in Hamina has pioneered a new seawater cooling system which uses a tunnel of water from the Baltic Sea to save electricity.
At a press conference in Dublin on Friday, Google said its data centres use 50% less energy than typical facilities.
Google already operates one data centre in Dublin, where it employs 2,200. The new centre is designed to help Google keep up with the growing demand for storage due to cloud computing, but it will also help to power searches, Gmail and Google Maps.
Some 200 construction workers will be employed on the site over 12 to 15 months. Once operational, the data centre will employ 30 staff.
Google's continual investment is helping Ireland to build a reputation as a green silicon state, with a cluster of internet companies setting up international headquarters in Dublin including Facebook, LinkedIn, Zynga and Twitter, which earlier this week announced it had chosen the Irish capital over London for its European expansion.
Irish minister for jobs Richard Bruton said the cloud computing industry offered Ireland a massive opportunity for jobs and economic growth.

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